Do-It-Yourself Repairs & Basic Wiring Projects:
3-Way Switch Wiring - How Do I ....
Wire a 3-Way Switch to Control a Light PLUS Keep a Duplex Receptacle Hot

By Terry Peterman, the Internet Electrician

Q:   How do you wire a new duplex receptacle from a 3-way switch so that the new receptacle is always hot and the 3-way switch continues to only control the light fixture?

A:  You may not be able to accomplish this, depending on how this 3-way circuit is wired.  

The only way this will work properly is if the power source for this 3-way network enters this box first. 

If not, you might have switched 'hot' conductors only, or if you do have a neutral, any of the hot conductors that you attempt to splice in to will not be hot all the time (it will depend on the switch positions). 

You need to determine how the circuit is wired.  If the power source does enter this box, then you could add a receptacle providing the box is large enough (deep box) to accommodate these additional wires because a normal sized metal switch box can only have 5 wires in it, and you will add two making a total of seven. 

Here is a diagram of how this receptacle could be added in the proper circumstance.